“The EU-Africa border is a perennial crisis,” says Professor Loren Landau (SARChI in Mobility and the Politics of Difference at the ACMS, Wits University, Co-Director of the Wits-Oxford Mobility Governance Lab).

“Europe has long outsourced its migration control and migration politics to Africa and the Middle East.”

The latest mass crossings at Spain’s North African enclave of Ceuta expose the fragility of Europe’s externalised border regime. As Morocco signals growing frustration with its role as Europe’s migration gatekeeper, questions emerge about the sustainability of outsourcing border enforcement to countries with their own political agendas.

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